Cite as: Cold Spring Harb. Protoc.; 2009; doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5211

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Extraction and Gas Chromatography Analysis of Adult Pheromones from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana

Paul M. Brakefield1, Patrícia Beldade, and Bas J. Zwaan

Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

1Corresponding author (p.m.brakefield{at}biology.leidenuniv.nl)

This article is also available in Emerging Model Organisms: A Laboratory Manual, Vol. 1. CSHL Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, 2009.


INTRODUCTION

Pheromones are used for communication among individuals of the same species, including attracting mates. A blend of chemical components is recognized as a pheromone if it elicits a behavioral or physiological response. Gas chromatography (GC) helps to separate complex mixtures of chemicals extracted from a target tissue. When the extract is associated with an internal standard, GC can be used to quantify the amounts of the chemical components present on a target tissue. This protocol describes the preparation of pheromone extracts from wings of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana and the subsequent use of these extracts in GC analysis.


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Related Article

The African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana: A Model for Evolutionary Genetics and Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Paul M. Brakefield, Patrícia Beldade, and Bas J. Zwaan
Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009: 122. [Abstract] [Full Text]



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 Cold Spring Harb ProtocHome page
P. M. Brakefield, P. Beldade, and B. J. Zwaan
The African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana: A Model for Evolutionary Genetics and Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Cold Spring Harb Protoc, May 1, 2009; 2009(5): pdb.emo122 - pdb.emo122.
[Abstract] [Full Text]