Cite as: Cold Spring Harb. Protoc.; 2009; doi:10.1101/pdb.emo126

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emoEmerging Model Organisms

The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera): A Model for Studies of Development and Pest Biology

Susan J. Brown1,5, Teresa D. Shippy1, Sherry Miller1, Renata Bolognesi1, Richard W. Beeman2, Marcé D. Lorenzen2, Gregor Bucher3, Ernst A. Wimmer3, and Martin Klingler4

1 Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
2 Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
3 Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
4 Department of Biology, Section Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

5Corresponding author (sjbrown{at}ksu.edu)


INTRODUCTION

Tribolium castaneum is a small, low-maintenance beetle that has emerged as a sophisticated model system for studying the evolution of development and that complements (in some cases, even rivals) Drosophila for functional genetic analysis of basic biological questions. Although Tribolium and Drosophila are both holometabolous insects, they differ fundamentally in larval and adult morphology. Even generally conserved developmental features, such as body segmentation, are achieved by quite different means. Thus, comparison of developmental mechanisms between these two insects can address many interesting questions concerning the evolution of morphology and other characters. Genetic tools available for Tribolium include genetic maps for visible and molecular markers, chromosomal rearrangements that enable lethal mutations to be balanced in true-breeding stocks, transposon-based transformation systems, a completed and annotated genome sequence, and systemic RNA interference (RNAi), which makes it possible to knock down any given gene and even particular splice variants in the offspring or in any tissue of the injected animal. Inactivating gene functions at various developmental stages provides new opportunities to investigate post-embryonic development, as well as larval and adult physiology, including hormonal control, host-parasite interactions, and pesticide resistance.


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