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Chambers for Examination of Live Cells under Mechanical Stress

Adapted from "Imaging Live Cells under Mechanical Stress," Chapter 33, in Live Cell Imaging (eds. Goldman and Spector). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, 2005.

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OPEN CHAMBERS FOR ACCESS TO THE CELL SURFACE

Manual measurement and manipulation of the cell surface requires access to the cells, usually in an open chamber. Temperature-controlled chambers or stage inserts are preferred for maintaining physiological activity during the experiment. For example, heated culture dishes with coverslip glass bottoms (Bioptechs) permit high-resolution fluorescence microscopy of living cells during force application. In addition, an objective lens heater should be used with high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses to minimize heat loss through the immersion fluid. For open chambers, pH must also be maintained during experiments. This can be done with a basal medium containing an organic buffer such as HEPES instead of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Deforming the Endothelial Surface Using Microneedles

FLOW CHAMBERS FOR APPLICATION OF SHEAR STRESS

Fluid Dynamics Considerations

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-->Parallel Plate Flow Chambers

Parallel Plate Flow Chamber with Physical Access to the Cells

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-->Glass Capillary Tubes