Table 1.
Transposable elements (A) and common promoters (B) used in mosquito transgenesis
| A | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transposable elements | Origin | Family | Size (kb)a | Recognition site | Speciesb | Reference(s)c |
| Hermes | Musca domestica | hAT | 2.7 | GTNCAGAC | Aeae, Cuqu | Jasinskiene et al. 1998; Allen et al. 2001 |
| Mos1 | Drosophila mauritiana | mariner | 1.3 | TA | Aeae | Coates et al. 1998 |
| Minos | Drosophila hydei | TC1-like | 1.8 | TA | Anst | Catteruccia et al. 2000b |
| piggyBac | Trichoplusia ni baculovirus | Sleeping beauty | 2.5 | TTAA | Aeae, Aeal, Aefl, Anal, Anga, Anst, Ansi | Kokoza et al. 2001; Grossman et al. 2001; Nolan et al. 2002; Perera et al. 2002; Rodrigues et al. 2006; Labbé et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2021 |
| B | ||||||
| Promoters: Gene | Origin | Expression pattern | Reference(s)c | |||
| Heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) | Drosophila melanogaster; Aedes aegypti | Ubiquitous; constitutive/heat-inducible | Morris et al. 1991; Carpenetti et al. 2012 | |||
| Heat-shock protein 82 (Hsp82) | Drosophila pseudoobscura | Ubiquitous; constitutive | Coates et al. 1998 | |||
| Act88f | D. melanogaster | Flight muscles | Allen and Christensen 2004 | |||
| Actin5C | D. melanogaster | Ubiquitous; constitutive | Pinkerton et al. 2000 | |||
| Actin4 | Ae. aegypti | Female-specific; flight muscles | Fu et al. 2010 | |||
| Ubiquitin (L40 and PUb) | Ae. aegypti | Ubiquitous; constitutive | Anderson et al. 2010 | |||
| D7-related (D7r) | Anopheles gambiae | Salivary glands | Lombardo et al. 2005 | |||
| Antiplatelet protein (aapp) | Anopheles stephensi | Female-specific; salivary glands; blood-meal inducible | Yoshida and Watanabe 2006 | |||
| Apyrase | Ae. aegypti; An. gambiae | Female-specific; salivary glands | Coates et al. 1999; Lombardo et al. 2005 | |||
| Aegyptin (30k a and 30k b) | Ae. aegypti | Female-specific; salivary glands | Mathur et al. 2010 | |||
| Vitellogenin | Ae. aegypti; An. stephensi; An. gambiae | Female-specific; fat body (hemolymph); blood-meal inducible | Kokoza et al. 2000; Nirmala et al. 2006; Chen et al. 2007 | |||
| Carboxypeptidase | An. gambiae | Female-specific; midgut; blood-meal inducible | Moreira et al. 2000; | |||
| G12 | An. gambiae | Female-specific; midgut; blood-meal inducible | Nolan et al. 2011; | |||
| Peritrophin | An. gambiae | Female-specific; midgut; constitutive | Abraham et al. 2005 | |||
| Antryp1 | An. gambiae | Female-specific; midgut; blood-meal inducible | Nolan et al. 2011 | |||
| Vasa | An. gambiae | Gonads | Papathanos et al. 2009 | |||
| nanos | Ae. aegypti | Female-specific; ovaries/embryos | Adelman et al. 2007 | |||
| exuperantia | Ae. aegypti | Female-specific; ovaries; blood-meal inducible | Akbari et al. 2013 | |||
| bZip1 | Ae. aegypti | Female-specific; ovaries/embryos | Kojin et al. 2020 | |||
| β2 tubulin | An. gambiae; Ae. aegypti | Male-specific; testes | Catteruccia et al. 2005; Smith et al. 2007 | |||
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aApproximate size in kilobase pairs (kb).
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bMosquito species transformed: (Aeae) Ae. aegypti, (Aeal) Aedes albopictus, (Aefl) Aedes fluviatilis, (Anal) Anopheles albimanus, (Anga) An. gambiae, (Ansi) Anopheles sinensis, (Anst) An. stephensi, (Cuqu) Culex quinquefasciatus.
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cFirst reported use in mosquito species using transposon-mediated transgenesis.
