Commonly used fluorescence markers for mosquito larvae. (A–D) Aedes albopictus pupae carrying combinations of three transgenic constructs, marked with 3xP3-mTurquoise (A), PUb-YFPvenus (B), and PUb-DsRed (C). (D) Shows the overlay of A–C. A negative pupa is indicated with dotted lines, and the arrowhead in A shows mTurquoise expression in the eye. (E) Fourth-instar Ae. albopictus larvae with 3xP3-mTurquoise expression in the eyes (arrowheads) and control larvae. (F) Fourth-instar Anopheles coluzzii larva with 3xP3-mTurquoise expression extending to the abdominal nerve chain and anal papillae. (G) Fourth-instar An. coluzzii larvae and pupae expressing 3xP3-EGFP and/or 3xP3-DsRed markers. The rightmost larva is oriented with the ventral side upward, showing GFP expression in the abdominal nerve chain, which is hidden from view in the other larvae. (H) Neonate Aedes larvae expressing PUb-GFP and wild types. Scale bars, 1 mm.